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版式设计分析
The anatomy of letterforms describes the different elements that make up printed letters in a typeface. The figure below shows the different parts of the letters in a typeface:
字母形式的解剖描述了构成字体中印刷字母的不同元素。 下图显示了字体中字母的不同部分：
According to , the typographic parts of a glyph are as follows:
根据 ，字形的印刷部分如下：
1) x-height; 2) ascender line; 3) apex; 4) baseline; 5) ascender; 6) crossbar; 7) stem; 8) serif; 9) leg; 10) bowl; 11) counter; 12) collar; 13) loop; 14) ear; 15) tie; 16) horizontal bar; 17) arm; 18) vertical bar; 19) cap height; 20) descender line
1)x高度； 2)上升线； 3)顶点； 4)基线； 5)上升； 6)横线； 7)茎； 8)衬线; 9)腿； 10)碗; 11)柜台； 12)项圈; 13)循环; 14)耳朵 15)领带； 16)单杠； 17)手臂; 18)竖杠； 19)瓶盖高度； 20)下降线
Generally speaking, a typeface consists of 3 main parts:
一般来说，字体由3个主要部分组成：
Stroke refers to the main body of the letterform. They may be straight, as in letters like l, z, k, v or curved like in c or o. The different parts of the stroke are given below:
笔画是指字母的主体。 它们可以是直的，如l ， z ， k ， v等字母，也可以像c或o一样是弯曲的。 笔画的不同部分如下：
The imaginary line on which most characters sit is known as the baseline (4).
大多数字符位于其上的假想线称为baseline (4)。
Baseline (4): The imaginary line that most characters are situated on
基线(4)：大多数字符位于的假想线
Capline (19): Another imaginary line that dictates the height of all uppercase characters. This is sometimes called the capheight
Capline(19)：另一条假想线，指示所有大写字符的高度。 有时称为船长
Meanline: The imaginary line that marks the top of lowercase letters
等分线：虚行标志的小写字母顶部
X-height (1): The height of the lowercase x character, and represents the distance between the baseline and the meanline.
X高度(1)：小写x字符的高度，表示基线和平均线之间的距离。
Stem (7): The main stroke in a letterform, which is often vertical or diagonal
笔杆(7)：字母形式的主笔划，通常是垂直或对角线
Crossbar (6): These are the strokes that connect two separate lines in capital letters such as A and H, or the horizontal stroke in the lowercase t
Crossbar(6)：这些笔触将大写字母的两条单独的线连接起来，例如A和H ，或者将小写字母t中的水平笔触
Ascender (5): When the stroke of a lowercase letter goes above the meanline such as with l
上升字(5)：当小写字母的笔划超过平均线时，例如l
Ascender line (2): The imaginary line depicting the distance between the baseline and the top of the ascender
横切线 (2)：假想线，描绘了基线与上升点顶部之间的距离
Descender: When the stroke of a lowercase letter falls below the baseline like with g
Descender：当小写字母的笔划下降到基线以下时(如g)
Descender line (20): The imaginary line depicting the distance between the baseline and the bottom of the descender
D escender线 (20)：假想线，描绘了基线和下降器底部之间的距离
Shoulder: Sometimes called an arch, this is a curved, arching stroke like the one at the top of R, and also found in h, n, and m
肩膀：有时被称为弓形 ，这是一个弯曲的弓形笔触，类似于R顶部的笔触，也出现在h ， n和m中
Bowl (10): A curved, closed stroke like the ones in d, b, R, D, and B
碗(10)：弯曲的闭合笔触，类似于d ， b ， R， D和B中的笔触
Leg (9): The downward diagonal stroke as in K and R
腿(9)：向下的对角线行程，如K和R
Bar: The short, horizontal stroke in letters that do not cross a vertical line like the center of e, and the middle stroke of both E and F
酒吧：在字母短，横向行程没有跨越一条垂直线，如电子的中心，E和F两个中间行程
Arm (17): The long horizontal stroke at the top or bottom of a character like in E and F
手臂(17)：在字符顶部或底部的长水平笔划，例如E和F
Tittle: The dot above characters like the one in i or j. This is sometimes called a dot or jot
标题：字符上方的点，例如i或j中的一个。 有时称为点或记号
Loop (13): The open or closed bottom section of a double-story g in some typefaces
循环(13)：某些字体中双层g的开放或封闭底部
Terminals are the end of the strokes and can be either serif or sans-serif.
端子是笔划的结束，并且可以是S erif或SA NS-小号erif。
A seriffed terminal has protrusions on the edges which can be described as a wedge, bulbous, teardrop, or slab. On the other hand, sans-serif terminals do not have any of those features at the end of strokes.
锯齿状的端子在边缘上具有突起，这些突起可以描述为楔形，球形，水滴形或平板形。 另一方面，无衬线终端在笔画结束时不具有任何这些功能。
These days, sans-serif is used on digital displays since they have better legibility, especially on lower resolution displays where serif terminals are hard to depict.
如今，由于无衬线字体具有更好的易读性，因此在数字显示器上使用了无衬线字体，尤其是在难以描绘衬线端子的低分辨率显示器上。
Space refers to the white space that is found between the letters and also inside letters like o and p with closed loops.
空格指的是字母之间以及内部带有闭环的o和p之类的字母之间的空白。
Below are some basic definitions to help you understand how type is described and measured.
下面是一些基本定义，以帮助您了解如何描述和度量类型。
Often these terms can be used interchangeably. But in the case of typography, there is a difference, however slight.
这些术语通常可以互换使用。 但是在排版方面，有差异，但有微小差异。
Typeface is a set of glyphs or characters – which include letters, numbers, and punctuation – that share a distinct sense of style. Common examples are Arial, Times New Roman, and Roboto.
字体是一组具有独特风格感的字形或字符，包括字母，数字和标点符号。 常见的例子是Arial，Times New Roman和Roboto。
Font is a small, specific subset of a typeface, and describes how the typeface is presented. For example, bold Roboto 8pt is one example of a font, while italicized Roboto 12pt is another distinct font.
字体是字体的小的特定子集，它描述了字体的显示方式。 例如，粗体Roboto 8pt是一种字体示例，而斜体Roboto 12pt是另一种独特的字体。
Different options for a given typeface, most of which include bold, italic, and roman at a bare minimum. Other examples of type families include condensed bold, condensed black, ultralight, light, regular, ultralight italic, light italic, regular italic, and so on.
给定字体的不同选项，其中绝大多数包括粗体，斜体和罗马体。 类型族的其他示例包括：粗体，黑体，超轻，浅色，常规，超轻斜体，浅斜体，常规斜体等。
The point is used to measure the size of a font. One point is equal to 1/72 of an inch. When a character is referred to as 12pt, the full height of the text block (such as a block of movable type), and not just the character itself, is being described. Because of this, two typefaces at the same point size may appear as different sizes, based on the position of the character in the block and how much of the block the character fills.
该点用于测量字体的大小。 1点等于1/72英寸。 当将一个字符称为12pt时，将描述文本块(例如可移动类型的块)的整个高度，而不仅仅是字符本身。 因此，基于字符在块中的位置以及字符填充了多少块，具有相同磅值的两个字体可能会以不同的大小出现。
How lines of text are measured generally. One pica equals 12 points, and six picas equal one inch on a page or screen.
一般如何测量文字行。 在页面或屏幕上，一pica等于12点，而六pica等于一英寸。
These elements control the distance between characters and can be used to adjust legibility.
这些元素控制字符之间的距离，并可用于调整清晰度。
Tracking, or letter-spacing, is the space between characters across an entire block of block of text such as a magazine article.
跟踪或字母间距是整个文本块(例如杂志文章)中字符之间的间隔。
Kerning is the space between individual characters. If you've ever typed a word in an editor and thought it looked off – the letters being either too close together or too far apart – it was probably a kerning issue.
紧缩是各个字符之间的空间。 如果您曾经在编辑器中键入过一个单词并认为它看起来不对—字母之间的距离太近或太远，则可能是字距调整的问题。
This refers to the vertical distance between lines of text, and is measured from one baseline to the next.
这是指文本行之间的垂直距离，是从一个基线到下一个基线的距离。
翻译自:
版式设计分析
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